This review summarizes recent progress and emerging trends in multiparameter optical fiber sensing, emphasizing techniques that enable the simultaneous measurement of temperature, strain, acoustic waves, pressure, and other environmental quantities within a single sensing network. Such capabilities. Fiber-optic sensing (FOS) technology has emerged as a cutting-edge research focus in the sensor field due to its miniaturized structure, high sensitivity, and remarkable electromagnetic interference immunity. FOS technologies hold great promise to form the backbone for. If 5G is the neural conduction of the digital age and AI the super brain, fiber sensing serves as the quietly growing peripheral nerves. In 2023, a group from California Institute of Technology, collaborating with Google, achieved the world's first commercial submarine cable-based second-level. Fiber-optic sensors are highly significant in modern technology due to their unique abilities and versatility [1, 2, 3].
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