Voltage levels, transformer ratings and impedances, line lengths and impedances, generator/motor data. Select fault location Choose busbars or nodes where faults will be studied. Apply IEC. Get %Z from nameplate or Table 1. Transformer impedance (Z) helps to determine what the short circuit current wi l be at the transformer secondary. Voltage is increased on the primary until full l ad. As of this update, Service Disconnect Switches, Surge Protective Devices, Switchboards, Switchgear, and Panelboards, Industrial Control Panels, Motor Controllers, Elevators, Industrial Machinery, and Transfer Equipment are all required to have short-circuit current ratings. Most power components. Selective short-circuit protection can be achieved in different ways, such as: Time-graded protection Time- and current-graded protection A straightforward way of obtaining selective protection is to use time grading. The IEC 60909 standard. Each "Cahier Technique" provides an in-depth study of a precise subject in the fields of electrical networks, protection devices, monitoring and control and industrial automation systems. The latest publications can be downloaded from the Schneider Electric internet web site.