cross-sectional view of a power distribution system for a high performance integrated circuit is shown in Fig. 7.1. The power supply system spans several levels of packaging hierarchy. It consists of a switching voltage regulator module (VRM), the power distribution networks on a printed circuit board (PCB), on an integrated circuit package, and on. < p < Rg c. The physical hierarchy is thus reflected in the electrical hierarchy: the progressively finer physical features of the conductors typically result in a higher resistance and a lower inductance.p Rb L b p Rp p Lp p Rp c Lp c LC b Cb RC b LC p Cp RC p LC c Cc RC c Rg rp Lb Rp p Lp p Rp c Lp c LC b Cb RC b Rg r Lg r Rg b Lg b Rg p Lg p Rg cp p b R L b Rp p Lp p Rp c Lp c LC b LC p Cb Cp RC b RC p Rg r.